Dear Readers,

Once again, it’s a pleasure to bring you the latest issue of Sukkur IBA Journal of Management and Business - SIJMB. Following our editorial policy, this issue contains double-blind peer-reviewed articles that address the key business, management, and economic issues pertaining to both national and international levels. The continued efforts of our editorial team and reviewers have enabled SIJMB to present you the high-quality research work based on innovation, originality, and contemporary issues in the core areas but, not limited to business, management, and economics. SIJMB follows a continuous improvement policy, and I thank all the stakeholders who have been a part of it. Moreover, SIJMB has continued its open access policy in order to reach a larger audience and wider dissemination of published work.

While not forgetting that the SIJMB has an institutional association with Sukkur IBA University. In fact, the initiation of SIJMB is an outcome of strong research orientation followed by the Sukkur IBA and I am grateful for continuous institutional support in this regard. In addition, the SIJMB provides a valuable platform for national and international researchers and publishes their research findings, and disseminates those to the largest audience. The journal does not charge any fees and provides a complimentary copy (in hard form) to each author. In addition, the supplement copies of the journal are also distributed to HEI and R&D institutions of the country. The journal has been archived by the world’s renowned scientific repositories. Journal has received recognition from several research agencies, universities, and renowned professors. With pleasure, it is also to share with you all that the SIJMB has recognized by the Higher Education Commission (HEC). In the coming years, the journal aims to improve its current state by attracting more national and international researchers in the field of business, management, and economics.

On behalf of the SIJMB, I welcome submissions for the upcoming issues of the journal and looking forward to receiving your valuable feedback.

Dr. Khalid Ahmed

Editor-in-Chief

SIJMB