Review on SCR catalysts by focusing impacts of sulfur on SCR performance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30537/sjet.v2i1.384Keywords:
marine diesel engine, selective catalsyt reduction; vanadium;cu zeolite; sulfurAbstract
Marine diesel engines are extensively used for transportation and as well as for power generation purpose because of its high durability, thermal and fuel efficiency than the gasoline engines. But the marine diesel engine produced severe NOx emissions that are currently well discussed issue needed to be solved due to its serious health and environmental problems. At the same time, because of increasing stringent regulations of NOx emissions it is necessary for ships to meet the international maritime organization (IMO) Tier III regulations in NOx emission control areas (ECA). It is enforced for the vessels that are constructed on and after the 1st January 2016. Therefore, a demand for well functioning NOx reduction technology is required. Currently SCR is the most dominant and mature technology used to reduce the NOx with ammonia over the SCR catalyst. SCR catalyst is the core part of SCR system; hence this review described the different types of catalysts and their behavior under different conditions. Furthermore, the deactivation of SCR catalyst occurs by different mechanisms; however, the most significant mechanism is sulfur poisoning. Reaction temperature and availability of ammonia is also significant parameter for sulfur poisoning. Therefore it is necessary to investigate how sulfur behaves with SCR catalysts. Even though many studies have been performed on sulphur poisoning of catalysts but still requires complete understanding. This review covers the sulfur poisoning of vanadium and Cu-zeolites based SCR catalysts with mainly focus on Cu-zeolites because of its sulfur sensitivity.
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References
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[3] C. Zhanga, C. Suna, M. Wua, and K. Lub, “Optimization design of SCR mixer for improving deposit performance at low temperatures,” Fuel Vol. 237, 2019, pp. 465–474.
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[7] A. Aberg, A. Widd, J. Abildskov, and J.K. Huusom, “Parameter estimation and analysis of an automotive heavy-duty scr catalyst model,” Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 161, 2017, pp. 167–177.
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[9] R. Geertsma, R. Negenborn, K. Visser, M. Loonstijn, and J. Hopman, “Pitch control for ships with diesel mechanical and hybrid propulsion: Modeling, validation and performance quantification,” Applied Energy, Vol. 206, 2017, pp. 1609–1631.
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[16] F. Birkhold, “Modeling and simulation of the injection of urea-water solution for automotive Scr deNox-systems,” Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 170, 2007, pp. 119-127.
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[19] I. Nova and E. Tronconi, “Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts,” Springer, 2014.
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[28] Y. Peng, et al., “Comparison of MoO3 and WO3 on arsenic poisoning V2O5/TiO2 catalyst: DRIFTS and DFT study,” Applied Catalysis. B, Vol. 181, 2016, pp. 692-698.
[29] S. M. Lee, K.H. Park, and S.C. Hong, MnOx/CeO2–TiO2 mixed oxide catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 at low temperature,” Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 13, 2012, pp. 323-331.
[30] Y. Qiu, et al., “The monolithic cordierite supported V2O5–MoO3/TiO2catalyst for NH3-SCR.,” Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 294, 2016, pp. 264-272.
[31] M. Shimokawabe, “SCR of NO by DME over Al2O3 based catalysts: Influence of noble metals and Ba additive on low-temperature activity,” Catalysis Today, Vol. 164, pp. 480-483.
[32] S. S. Kim, “Enhanced catalytic activity of Pt/Al2O3 on the CH4 SCR,” Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 18, 2012, pp. 272-276.
[33] L.M. Yu, et al., “Enhanced NOx removal performance of amorphous Ce-Ti catalyst by hydrogen pretreatment. Journal of Molecular,” Catalysis A, Vol. 423, 2016, pp. 371-378.
[34] X. Liu, et al., “Probing NH3-SCR catalytic activity and SO2 resistance over aqueous-phase synthesized Ce-W@TiO2 catalyst,” Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 44, 2016, pp. 225-231.
[35] C. K. Seo, et al., “Effect of ZrO2 addition on de-NOx performance of Cu-ZSM-5 for SCR catalyst,” Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 191, 2012, pp. 331-340.
[36] P. NakhostinPanahi, “Comparative study of ZSM‐5 supported transition metal (Cu, Mn, Co, and Fe) nanocatalysts in the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3,” Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, Vol. 36, 2017, pp. 1049-1055.
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[38] B. C. Huang, et al., “Low temperature SCR of NO with NH3 over carbon nanotubes supported vanadium oxides,” Catalysis Today, Vol. 126, 2007, pp. 279-283.
[39] C. H. Bartholomew, “Mechanisms of catalyst deactivation,” Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 212, 2001. pp. 17- 60.
[40] M. V. Twigg, “Progress and future challenges in controlling automotive exhaust gas emissions,” Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 70, 2007, pp. 2-15.
[41] A. Varna, A.C. Spiteri, and Y.M. Wright, “Experimental and numerical assessment of impingement and mixing of urea-water sprays for nitric oxide reduction in diesel exhaust,” Applied Energy, Vol. 157, 2015, pp. 824-837.
[42] S. Grout, J.B. Blaisot, and K. Pajot, “Experimental investigation on the injection of an urea-watersolution in hot air stream for the SCR application: Evaporation and spray/wall interaction,” Fuel, Vol. 106, 2013, pp. 166-177.
[43] MAN B&W. MAN emission project guide: MAN B&W two-stroke marine engines. EU: MAN B&W press 2013.
[44] R. M. Heck, R. J. Farrauto and S. T. Gulati, Catalytic air pollution control Commercial Technology, 3ed., New Yersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009.
[45] Y. H. Shi, H. Shu, Y.-H. Zhang, H.-M. Fan, Y.-P. Zhang and L.-J. Yang, “Formation and decomposition of NH4HSO4 during selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 over V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts,” Fuel Processing Technology, Vol. 150, 2016, pp. 141-147.
[46] L. Zhang, D. Wang, Y. Liu, K. Kamasamudram, J. Li and W. Epling, “SO2 poisoning impact on the NH3-SCR reaction over a commercial Cu-SAPO-34 SCR catalyst,” Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 157, 2014, pp. 371-377.
[47] R. Q. Long, R. T. Yang and R. Chang, “Low temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3 over Fe–Mn based catalysts,” Chem. Communication, Vol. 5, 2012, pp. 452–453.
[48] W. T. Mu, J. Zhu, S. Zhang, Y. Y. Guo, L. Q. Su, X. Y. Li and Z. Li, “Styrene hydrogenation performance of Pt nanoparticles with controlled size prepared by atomic layer deposition,” Catal. Sci.Technol, Vol. 6,2016, pp. 7532-7548.
[49] C. U. I. Odenbrand, “Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of DieseL Exhausts,” Chem. Eng. Res. Des, Vol. 86, 2008, pp. 663–672.
[50] J. P. Chen, M. A. Buzanowski, R. T. Yang and J. E. Cichanowicz, “Deactivation of the Vanadia Catalyst in the Selective Catalytic Reduction,” Process Air Waste Manage, Vol. 40, 1990, pp. 1403–1409.
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