Estimation and Simulation Design of Photovoltaic system in Pakistan compared to other countries

Abstract

Severe energy shortages and rising fuel costs for generating electricity from conventional sources are plaguing emerging South Asian countries like Pakistan, Nepal, and India. A serious energy problem is plaguing the economy of these nations, and people are struggling to meet their basic needs. Producing energy from imported gas or fuel is not a viable option for developing countries. Alternative energy sources like photovoltaic energy are among the best ways to produce electricity in South Asian countries because of the abundance of solar radiation. The geographic location to gather direct and diffuse sunlight on collector planes is the most important consideration when building a solar power plant. The location was chosen from Punjab's Lahore city, and the proposed geographical location's recorded temperature is about 24.2 °C. Average temperatures are ideal for solar power generation because they are not as harsh as those in Sindh or Balochistan, nor are they as cold as those in Gilgit Baltistan and KPK. The average annual direct sun radiation is 4.14 kWh/m2, and the average diffuse solar radiation is 2.46 kWh/m2. The identical grid- connected 60 kWP solar system from Germany, India, and Nepal is compared to our recommended geographic location in the current studies. PVSyst software version 7.4.0 is used to examine energy produced, various losses from solar arrays, and conversion losses from DC to AC. In terms of energy input into the grid and overall simulation results for the given system, South Asian countries outperform Berlin. 78031 kWh were added to the grid for Lahore, and the results were compared to reports in the literature that show the energy consumption of Uttar Pradesh at 89500 kWh, Kathmandu at 91154 kWh, and Berlin at 53813 kWh.